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Dictionaries
define the idiom "make a virtue of necessity" in various ways. Some
emphasize the attitude of the subject:
make a virtue of necessity to accept with an
agreeable
or positive attitude that which must be accepted anyway (Webster's
New World)
make a virtue of necessity to do sth with good grace,
when you are obliged to do it anyway (Encarta World English)
make a virtue of necessity to acquiesce in
doing something unpleasant with a show of grace because one must do it
in any case (Collins English)
Others instead focus on pretense:
make a virtue of necessity to pretend that you
are doing something because you have chosen to do it and because it
will bring you benefits, when in fact it is something that you must do (Macmillan
English Dictionary)
make a virtue of necessity/troubles etc. to pretend that
you are doing something because you want to do it, when actually it is
something you must do (Longman Advanced American)
make a virtue of necessity
To pretend that one is freely and happily doing something one has been
forced to do: "Once the mayor was forced by the voters to cut his
budget, he made a virtue of necessity and loudly denounced government
spending." (The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy)
Still others define it differently, making no mention of the subject's
attitude or of pretense:
make a virtue of necessity to make the best of
a difficult or unsatisfactory situation (Random House Webster's)
make a virtue of necessity to manage to gain an
advantage from sth that you have to do and cannot avoid (Oxford
Advanced Learner's)
How has the expression actually been used?
In Chaucer, it seems to have had the "with an
agreeable
or positive attitude" meaning:
Thanne is it wysdom, as it thynketh me,
To maken vertu of necessitee,
And take it weel, that we may nat eschue;
And namely, that to us alle is due.
("The Knight's Tale")
Dickens had the "pretend" meaning:
I had hoped to have no other companion than Agnes.
But Mrs. Heep had asked permission to bring herself and her knitting
near the fire, in that room; on pretence of its having an aspect more
favourable for her rheumatics, as the wind then was, than the
drawing-room or dining-parlour. Though I could almost have consigned
her to the mercies of the wind on the topmost pinnacle of the
Cathedral, without remorse, I made a virtue of necessity, and
gave her a friendly salutation. (David Copperfield)
Shakespeare used it to mean "make the best of a bad
situation":
SECOND OUTLAW:
Indeed, because you are a banish'd man,
Therefore, above the rest, we parley to you.
Are you content to be our general?
To make a virtue of necessity
And live as we do in this wilderness?
(The Two Gentlemen of Verona)
Most examples in recent magazines and newspapers also seem to have the
"make the best of a bad situation" meaning,
with no mention of a positive attitude or of pretense:
A strange, brooding movie, "Nilofar in the Rain"
sucks the viewer into a domestic drama of power plays, humiliation and
revenge among exiled Afghanis. Filmed on a small budget, tyro
writer-director Homayoun Karimpour knows how to make a virtue of
necessity: Pic's underlit interiors, with their queasy color
balance, create a fetid atmosphere in keeping with the quasi-incestuous
family machinations as a husband and father battle for the affections
of the titular young woman. (Variety, June 9, 2003)
Cipsco began learning about competition as a result of a poor
investment decision. Anticipating growth in demand in its market,
Cipsco added a 600-megawatt coal-fired facility in 1982. But the demand
never materialized. Making a virtue of necessity, Cipsco's
managers began selling the surplus power to other utilities. Thus began
Cipsco's successful effort to become a profitable wholesaler of power
to other utilities. (Forbes, January 2, 1995)
Co-producers Mike Piccirillo and Gary Goetzman have done an effective
job of using this Jackson's talent and disguising her lack of it.
They've surrounded her with lots of thwomping backup and high-voltage
synthesizer lines, overdubbed and covered up.... They've even
demonstrated an all-time example of making a virtue of necessity,
turning LaToya's natural singing style, mostly coos, squeals and frail
noises, to advantage on the pillowy Love Talk. (People Weekly,
April 14, 1986)
It's one of life's immutable laws that productions chosen to open new
theatres take second place to their surroundings in the inaugural
reviews: full marks, then, to Hampstead Theatre for making a virtue
of necessity and commissioning a work about the building itself. (The
Independent, February 18, 2003)
With tourism to Israel having virtually disappeared since the outbreak
of the Palestinian uprising two years ago, two American immigrants
living in a settlement have come up with the idea of making a
virtue of necessity by appealing to tourists seeking to spice up
their lives with a bit of action. "They'll get full value for their
money," said Yehezkel Klein, head of tourism for the Gush Etzion bloc
of settlements south of Jerusalem where the program is to be carried
out. "From the moment they cross the 'green line' [separating Israel
proper from the West Bank] and find themselves in hostile territory
they will feel in real danger of their lives. They'll sweat from fear.
We'll bring them as close as possible to the friction points with the
Palestinians," he said. (The Washington Times, March 8, 2003)
Though English-English dictionaries miss the multiple meanings of this
idiom, some English-Japanese dictionaries do give several
senses. For example:
make a virtue (out) of necessity
(1) やむをえずやったことを自発的にやったような振りをする, 当然やるべきことをしたのに手柄[自慢]顔をする.
(2) やむをえないことを潔く行なう; 避けがたい事態を有効に活用する. (『研究社 新英和中辞典』)
(February 20, 2005)
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